Hemoglobin (Hb) plays a crucial role in carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs, and also facilitates the return of carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exhaled.
Red blood cells (RBCs) are vital for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and transporting carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
White blood cells (WBCs) are crucial for the immune system's ability to defend the body against infections and diseases.
A blood pressure (BP) test measures the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps. It helps assess cardiovascular health and screen for hypertension or hypotension.
A pulse rate test measures how many times the heart beats per minute.
Counts the number of breaths taken in a minute. Out-of-range values may indicate asthma, pneumonia, heart disease, or anxiety.
Spirometry measures lung function – lung volumes and airflow, useful in asthma and COPD diagnosis.
Height measurement assesses physical growth, health status, and potential outcomes.
Weight indicates body mass, recorded in kilograms or pounds.
A screening tool based on height and weight to classify individuals into underweight, normal, overweight, or obese categories.
Ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference, indicating fat distribution and risks of obesity.
Measures glucose levels at a random point in time. Helps identify hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
Determines a person's blood type (A, B, AB, O) and Rh factor, essential for transfusions and pregnancy care.
| Sr. No. | Parameter | Normal Range | Low (Hypo) Condition | High (Hyper) Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hb | Male: 14-18 g/dl Female: 12-16 g/dl |
Anemia (M: < 8 g/dl, F: < 7 g/dl) | Polycythemia (M: > 22 g/dl, F: > 20 g/dl) |
| 2 | RBC | M: 4.7–6.1 F: 4.2–5.4 million/µL |
Anemia, B12 Deficiency, Blood loss (M: < 4.7, F: < 4.2) | Erythrocytosis, Dehydration (M: > 6.2, F: > 5.4) |
| 3 | WBC | 4,500–11,000 /µL | Leukopenia, Immunosuppression (< 4,500) | Leukocytosis, Infection, Leukemia (> 11,000) |
| 4 | BP | 120/80 mmHg | Hypotension: 90/60 mmHg | Hypertension: ≥160/100 mmHg |
| 5 | Pulse Rate | 60-100 beats/min | Bradycardia (< 60 bpm) | Tachycardia (> 100 bpm) |
| 6 | Respiratory Rate | 12-20 breaths/min | Bradypnea (< 12) | Tachypnea (> 20) |
| 7 | Spirometry | FEV1/FVC > 70%, both > 80% | Restricted breathing (Asthma, COPD) | Over-inflation (> 100%-120%) |
| 8 | BMI | 18.5-24.9 kg/m² | Underweight (< 18) | Overweight (> 25) |
| 9 | Waist-Hip Ratio | M: 0.96–1.0 F: 0.81–0.85 |
Deficiencies (M: < 0.96, F: < 0.81) | Abdominal Obesity (M: > 1.0, F: > 0.85) |
| 10 | Random Blood Sugar | 70-140 mg/dl | Hypoglycemia (< 70) | Diabetes (> 200) |